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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Reunion
- Header
-
-
- Affiliation:
- (overseas department of France)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Reunion
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
- Map references:
- World
- Area:
- total area:
- 2,510 sq km
- land area:
- 2,500 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly smaller than Rhode Island
- Land boundaries:
- 0 km
- Coastline:
- 201 km
- Maritime claims:
- exclusive economic zone:
- 200 nm
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- none
- Climate:
- tropical, but moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November,
- hot and rainy from November to April
- Terrain:
- mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
- Natural resources:
- fish, arable land
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 20%
- permanent crops:
- 2%
- meadows and pastures:
- 4%
- forest and woodland:
- 35%
- other:
- 39%
- Irrigated land:
- 60 sq km (1989 est.)
- Environment:
- current issues:
- NA
- natural hazards:
- periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on
- the southeastern coast is an active volcano
- international agreements:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Reunion
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 666,067 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 32% (female 104,924; male 109,972)
- 15-64 years:
- 62% (female 210,762; male 203,774)
- 65 years and over:
- 6% (female 21,606; male 15,029) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 1.98% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 24.59 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 4.79 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 74.46 years
- male:
- 71.39 years
- female:
- 77.67 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 2.75 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Reunionese (singular and plural)
- adjective:
- Reunionese
- Ethnic divisions:
- French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
- Religions:
- Roman Catholic 94%
- Languages:
- French (official), Creole widely used
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1982)
- total population:
- 79%
- male:
- 76%
- female:
- 80%
- Labor force:
- NA
- by occupation:
- agriculture 30%, industry 21%, services 49% (1981)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Reunion
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Department of Reunion
- conventional short form:
- Reunion
- local long form:
- none
- local short form:
- Ile de la Reunion
- Digraph:
- RE
- Type:
- overseas department of France
- Capital:
- Saint-Denis
- Administrative divisions:
- none (overseas department of France)
- Independence:
- none (overseas department of France)
- National holiday:
- National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)
- Constitution:
- 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
- Legal system:
- French law
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
- head of government:
- Prefect of Reunion Island Hubert FOURNIER (since NA)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral General Council and unicameral Regional Council
- General Council:
- elections last held March 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of
- vote by party NA; seats - (47 total) PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7
- Regional Council:
- elections last held 25 June 1993 (next to be held NA); results - percent of
- vote by party NA; seats - (45 total) UPF 17, Free-Dom Movement 13, PCR 9, PS
- 6
- French Senate:
- elections last held 24 September 1992 (next to be held NA); results -
- percent of vote by party NA; seats - (3 total) RPR 1, FRA 1, independent 1
- French National Assembly:
- elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results
- - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (5 total) PS 1, PCR 1, UPF 1, RPR 1,
- UDF-CDS 1
- Judicial branch:
- Court of Appeals (Cour d'Appel)
- Political parties and leaders:
- Rally for the Republic (RPR), Alain DEFAUD; Union for French Democracy
- (UDF), Gilbert GERARD; Communist Party of Reunion (PCR), Elie HOARAU;;
- France-Reunion Future (FRA), Andre THIEN AH KOON; Socialist Party (PS),
- Jean-Claude FRUTEAU; Social Democrats (CDS), leader NA; Union for France
- (UPF - including RPR and UDF); Free-Dom Movement, Marguerite SUDRE
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Reunion
- Government
- Member of:
- FZ, WFTU
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- none (overseas department of France)
- US diplomatic representation:
- none (overseas department of France)
- Flag:
- the flag of France is used
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Reunion
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been
- the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for
- 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist
- industry to relieve high unemployment, which recently amounted to one-third
- of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is
- extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and
- Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the
- population, often approaching European standards, whereas indigenous groups
- suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the
- African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991
- illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic
- well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from
- France.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.5 billion (1993 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- NA%
- National product per capita:
- $3,900 (1993 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- NA%
- Unemployment rate:
- 35% (February 1991)
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $358 million
- expenditures:
- $914 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1986 est.)
- Exports:
- $166 million (f.o.b., 1988)
- commodities:
- sugar 75%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 4%, lobster 3%, vanilla and
- tea 1%
- partners:
- France, Mauritius, Bahrain, South Africa, Italy
- Imports:
- $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1988)
- commodities:
- manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation
- equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
- partners:
- France, Mauritius, Bahrain, South Africa, Italy
- External debt:
- $NA
- Industrial production:
- growth rate NA%; about 25% of GDP
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 180,000 kW
- production:
- 1 billion kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 1,454 kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- sugar, rum, cigarettes, several small shops producing handicraft items
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Reunion
- Economy
- Agriculture:
- accounts for 30% of labor force; dominant sector of economy; cash crops -
- sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco; food crops - tropical fruits, vegetables, corn;
- imports large share of food needs
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89),
- $14.8 billion
- Currency:
- 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
- Exchange rates:
- French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632
- (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Reunion
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- 0 km
- Highways:
- total:
- 2,800 km
- paved:
- 2,200 km
- unpaved:
- gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 600 km
- Ports:
- Le Port, Pointe des Galets
- Merchant marine:
- none
- Airports:
- total:
- 2
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 1
- with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 1
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Reunion
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 85,900 telephones; adequate system; principal center Saint-Denis
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- modern open-wire and microwave network
- international:
- radiocommunication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to
- Mauritius; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 3, FM 13, shortwave 0
- radios:
- NA
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 1 (repeaters 18)
- televisions:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Reunion
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 173,693; males fit for military service 89,438; males reach
- military age (18) annually 5,781 (1995 est.)
- Note:
- defense is the responsibility of France
-